Study for free with our range of university lectures. Fostercarter argues that this disguises the similarities that exist between ldcs and the west. Not surprisingly, this theory s views sharply challenge modernization theory s assumptions packenham, 1992. The structural explanation for global stratification is called dependency theory. The main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development. Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Comparison and contrast between modernisation theory and dependency theory. The modernization theory is polarized in its reception. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. Dependency theorists sought to explain persistent levels of under development in latin america by situating national economies within their global economic context. Modernization theory v dependency theory flashcards quizlet. Modernization theory oxford research encyclopedia of.
The theory arose as a reaction to modernization theory, an earlier theory of. Like any other theory, the dependency theory has its advantages and limitations. Dependency theory is a mixture of various theories, including world systems theory, historical structure theory, and neomarxist theory. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. Development theory has two major studies dependency and modernization theory.
Modernisation and dependency repub, erasmus university. Critics argue that the theory and model do not take into account the differences between capitalistic vs. From the keynes economic approach, the theory of dependency embodies four main. Dependency theory in retrospect, intereconomics, issn 00205346, verlag weltarchiv. To put it more precisely, modernization and dependency theory stand on the ground that western countries are the world leaders due to their higher level of development, which affects practically all spheres of life, including economic, political, social, and even cultural life leys, 210. Modernisation and dependency are two theories that have their own terms for analysinginterpreting the causes of poverty and underdevelopment, and both provide different solutions in order to fix the problems. It mainly reflects the traditional views of society and highlight the internal factors of a country and development bernstein, 1971. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to set them in. The theory suggests developing countries through the five economic growth stages with a western.
Dependency theory developed in the 1960s to explain the problems of development in the third world. Collectively, these theories contrast modernization. Nonetheless, there are some core propositions which seem to underlie the analyses of most dependency theorists. Modernization theorists only see western economies as completely modern and deem other economies to be unevolved or primitive.
The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. A common term used in the news and social media today is the developing world. Latin american dependency theory global south studies, u. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal by r1uha11ad shahidullah, b. Essay about modernization and development theory 1529 words. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science. Modernization theory casts development as a uniform evolutionary route that all. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory.
The dependencia school believes that dependency is an external condition, that. Modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development. It assumes that foreign aid is never free it always has. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Developmentalism, modernity, and dependency theory in latin. The modernization theory, the dependency theory and the. Pdf on oct 15, 2017, scott nicholas romaniuk and others published.
Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe and published in african journal of history and culture vol. The difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that one explains how developed states operate and grow, while the other explains the exact opposite. Modernization theory describes the transformative processes of societies from underdevelopment to modern societies. The dependencia school believes that dependency is an external condition, that the centre. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. The modernization theory puts the most emphasis on economic development social and cultural. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. In this presentation, development is viewed as a gradual transition of society to a strong socioeconomic status. It is also known or being compassed within development theory. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. One alternative model on the left is dependency theory.
Modernization or dependency 72 95 modernization theory and underdevelopment dependency theory and underdevelopment dependency in a specific historical context. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of societies. The modernization theory, the dependency theory and the globalization theory 1552 words 7 pages sociologists, in their perpetual sisyphian struggle to categorize the dynamics of human societies in neat but abstract intellectual constructs, have also tried to understand the reasons of global inequality and stratification. Dependency theory rejects the limited national focus of modernization theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of imperialism and its role in shaping postcolonial states. Dependency can be defined as an explanation of the economic development of a state in terms of. Society for comparative studies in society and history. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. Modernization theory describes the development of a society from a traditional society to a modern one. Modernisation and dependency theories represent two rather different points in the. Includes bibliographical references pages 5145 and index rereading modernization and dependency theory tradition and gender in modernization theory from modernization theory to the soft state in africa gender and the world bank. Modernization theory is also a development theory that emerged before the dependency theory. In this sense, the dependency theory can be viewed as a reaction to modernization theory. Start studying modernization theory v dependency theory. Sociology test 3 march 25 modernization and dependency theory 22.
First, the dependency theory is a characterization of the international system as comprising of a dominant and a dependent state, where the dominant states are the industrialized nations belonging to the oecd organization for economic cooperation and development, and the dependent states are the states of latin america, africa, and asia. This theory gained credibility in explaining ghanas development after 1981. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. Modernization theory is a socioeconomic theory, which received wide popularity in 1950s years, and as well as dependency theory is a part of the wider theme of theories in sociology, known as sociocultural revolution. Modernization and dependency theory nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the thir. Dependency theory is in large part a theory of development in the third world, it seek to provide explanations for third world development and explanations that the modernisation theory failed to give. In this respect, it is possible to refer to modernization theory and dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similarities in their views on the. Still, since our purpose is not the piecemeal criticism of one or another version of modernization theory but the evaluation of modernization theory itself as. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were. Modernization theory according to macionis 2010, the definition of modernization theory is a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations. Modernization theory explains the progress and development of technology in more stable regions of the world. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial.
Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa essay. From the 18th century, it englight the individual ideas of modernism the civilians living in the society. Start studying modernization and dependency theories. Seeing the state of development or underdevelopment in latin america 1 and africa 2, i argue that dependency is created by a dominant country on these so called underdeveloped countries by creating a. What is the difference between modernization theory and. Latin american radical political economy in retrospect pdf. This essay focuses on two related radical theories of development, dependency and worldsystems theory, and shows how they emerged as a critique partly of modernization theory and of the development strategy of import substitution industrialization. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference.
In the words of one of the major proponents, historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and. This term is used to indicate countries that are less economically developed than the united. An outline and critique of competing theories by dieter nohlen, heidelberg. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages.
Difference between modernisation theory and dependency. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the. The theory suggests developing countries through the five economic growth stages with a western country. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa.
The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development were very influential among radical development theorists from the late. Explanation for the process of modernization within societies. Dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development. Thus, in contrast to modernization theory, which emphasized the benefits of free trade, foreign investment, and foreign aid, these theorists argued that free trade. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. Modernization theory is a description, explanation, and account of the way of traditional and under established or underdeveloped societies, compared to. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as. Development theory dependency and world systems theories. Dependency theory holds that the condition of underdevelopment is precisely the result of the incorporation of the third world economies into the capitalist world system which is dominated by the west and north america randall and theobald 1998, 120, hence in development studies, dependency implies a situation in which a. Free resources to assist you with your university studies. Its main tenet is that the periphery of the international economy is being economically exploited drained.
Ahiakpor examines the theory, and points out its failure, not only in ghana, but elsewhere. Modernization theory represents the mixture of sociology theories within societies. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Friedman and his followers kept a stockpile of free market ideas that they could impose rapidly and irreversibly once a crisis struck. Dependency theory is a kind of developmental theory, which is a major critique of modernisation theory. Therefore, modernization theory sheds light on modernity in a very different way to dependency theory. For example, modernisation theory sees ldcs as backward societies that need our help to develop, whilst dependency theory sees us as exploiting them for cheap labour and raw materials. It was the start of the origin that development became directly associated with western values and ideologies, thus showing us a early modernization theory, however modernization theory developed much later than this, as stated above, but can always be seen as having influence from this period. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies. This theory carries a very optimistic view for traditional society to industrialize and follow the leads of western countries who have developed.
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